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Quantum Byzantine Agreement via Hardy correlations and entanglement swapping

Abstract

We present a device-independent quantum scheme for the {\em Byzantine Generals} problem. The protocol is for three parties. Party CC is to send two identical one bit messages to parties AA and BB. The receivers AA and BB may exchange two one bit messages informing the other party on the message received from CC. A bit flipping error in one of the transmissions, does not allow the receiving parties to establish what was the message of CC. Our quantum scheme has the feature that if the messages of the Byzantine protocol are readable (that is give an unambiguous bit value for any of the receivers), then any error by CC (cheating by one of the commanding general) is impossible. AA and BB do not have to exchange protocol messages to be sure of this.

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