PAM: Parallel Augmented Maps

In this paper we introduce an interface for supporting ordered maps that are augmented to support quick "sums" of values over ranges of the keys. We have implemented this interface as part of a C++ library called PAM (Parallel and Persistent Augmented Map library). This library supports a wide variety of functions on maps ranging from basic insertion and deletion to more interesting functions such as union, intersection, difference, filtering, extracting ranges, splitting, and range-sums. The functions in the library are parallel, persistent (meaning that functions do not affect their inputs), and work-efficient. The underlying data structure is the augmented balanced binary search tree, which is a binary search tree in which each node is augmented with a value keeping the "sum" of its subtree with respect to some user supplied function. With this augmentation the library can be directly applied to many settings such as to 2D range trees, interval trees, word index searching, and segment trees. The interface greatly simplifies the implementation of such data structures while it achieves efficiency that is significantly better than previous libraries. We tested our library and its corresponding applications. Experiments show that our implementation of set functions can get up to 50+ speedup on 72 cores. As for our range tree implementation, the sequential running time is more efficient than existing libraries such as CGAL, and can get up to 42+ speedup on 72 cores.