The reliability of a complex industrial system can rarely be assessed analytically. As system failure is often a rare event, crude Monte-Carlo methods are prohibitively expensive from a computational point of view. In order to reduce computation times, variance reduction methods such as importance sampling can be used. We propose an adaptation of this method for a class of multi-component dynamical systems. We address a system whose failure corresponds to a physical variable of the system (temperature, pressure, water level) entering a critical region. Such systems are common in hydraulic and nuclear industry. In these systems, the statuses of the components (on, off, or out-of-order) determine the dynamics of the physical variables, and is altered both by deterministic feedback mechanisms and random failures or repairs. In order to deal with this interplay between components status and physical variables we model trajectory using piecewise deterministic Markovian processes (PDMP). We show how to adapt the importance sampling method to PDMP, by introducing a reference measure on the trajectory space, and we present a biasing strategy for importance sampling. A simulation study compares our importance sampling method to the crude Monte-Carlo method for a three-component-system.
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