Elasticity is a form of self-adaptivity in cloud-based software systems that is typically restricted to the infrastructure layer and realized through auto-scaling. However, both reactive and proactive forms of infrastructure auto-scaling have limitations, when used separately as well as together. To address these limitations, we propose an approach for self-improving hybrid elasticity control that combines (a) infrastructure and software elasticity, and (b) proactive, reactive and responsive decision-making. At the infrastructure layer, resources are provisioned proactively based on one-step-ahead workload forecasts, and reactively, based on observed workload variations. At the software layer, features are activated or deactivated in response to transient, minor deviations from the predicted workload. The proposed approach can lead to better performance-aware and cost-effective resource management in cloud-based software systems. We validate our approach via a partial realization and simulation with real-world datasets.
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