There is an exponential increase in portable electronic devices with biometric security mechanisms, in particular fingerprint biometric. A person has a limited number of fingerprints and it remains unchanged throughout his lifetime, once leaked to the adversary, it leaks for a lifetime. So, there is a need to secure the biometric template itself. In this survey paper, we review the different security models and fingerprint template protection techniques. The research challenges in different fingerprint template protection techniques are also highlighted in respective sections of the paper. This survey provides a comprehensive study of template protection techniques for fingerprint biometric systems and highlights the challenges and future opportunities.
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