Genomic selection (GS) is a technique that plant breeders use to select individuals to mate and produce new generations of species. Allocation of resources is a key factor in GS. At each selection cycle, breeders are facing the choice of budget allocation to make crosses and produce the next generation of breeding parents. Inspired by recent advances in reinforcement learning for AI problems, we develop a reinforcement learning-based algorithm to automatically learn to allocate limited resources across different generations of breeding. We mathematically formulate the problem in the framework of Markov Decision Process (MDP) by defining state and action spaces. To avoid the explosion of the state space, an integer linear program is proposed that quantifies the trade-off between resources and time. Finally, we propose a value function approximation method to estimate the action-value function and then develop a greedy policy improvement technique to find the optimal resources. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in enhancing genetic gain using a case study with realistic data.
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