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Principles and Guidelines for Evaluating Social Robot Navigation Algorithms

29 June 2023
Anthony G. Francis
Claudia Pérez-DÁrpino
Chengshu Li
Fei Xia
Alexandre Alahi
Rachid Alami
Aniket Bera
Abhijat Biswas
Joydeep Biswas
Rohan Chandra
H. Chiang
Michael Everett
Sehoon Ha
Justin W. Hart
Nathan Tsoi
Haresh Karnan
Stanford
Luis J. Manso
Reuth Mirksy
Soeren Pirk
P. Singamaneni
Peter Stone
Ada V Taylor
Pete Trautman
Northeastern
Marynel Vázquez
Xuesu Xiao
Peng-Tao Xu
Naoki Yokoyama
Alexander Toshev
Roberto Martin-Martin Logical Robotics
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Abstract

A major challenge to deploying robots widely is navigation in human-populated environments, commonly referred to as social robot navigation. While the field of social navigation has advanced tremendously in recent years, the fair evaluation of algorithms that tackle social navigation remains hard because it involves not just robotic agents moving in static environments but also dynamic human agents and their perceptions of the appropriateness of robot behavior. In contrast, clear, repeatable, and accessible benchmarks have accelerated progress in fields like computer vision, natural language processing and traditional robot navigation by enabling researchers to fairly compare algorithms, revealing limitations of existing solutions and illuminating promising new directions. We believe the same approach can benefit social navigation. In this paper, we pave the road towards common, widely accessible, and repeatable benchmarking criteria to evaluate social robot navigation. Our contributions include (a) a definition of a socially navigating robot as one that respects the principles of safety, comfort, legibility, politeness, social competency, agent understanding, proactivity, and responsiveness to context, (b) guidelines for the use of metrics, development of scenarios, benchmarks, datasets, and simulators to evaluate social navigation, and (c) a design of a social navigation metrics framework to make it easier to compare results from different simulators, robots and datasets.

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