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Gain coefficients for scrambled Halton points

Abstract

Randomized quasi-Monte Carlo, via certain scramblings of digital nets, produces unbiased estimates of [0,1]df(x)dx\int_{[0,1]^d}f(\boldsymbol{x})\,\mathrm{d}\boldsymbol{x} with a variance that is o(1/n)o(1/n) for any fL2[0,1]df\in L^2[0,1]^d. It also satisfies some non-asymptotic bounds where the variance is no larger than some Γ<\Gamma<\infty times the ordinary Monte Carlo variance. For scrambled Sobol' points, this quantity Γ\Gamma grows exponentially in dd. For scrambled Faure points, Γexp(1)2.718\Gamma \leqslant \exp(1)\doteq 2.718 in any dimension, but those points are awkward to use for large dd. This paper shows that certain scramblings of Halton sequences have gains below an explicit bound that is O(logd)O(\log d) but not O((logd)1ϵ)O( (\log d)^{1-\epsilon}) for any ϵ>0\epsilon>0 as dd\to\infty. For 6d1066\leqslant d\leqslant 10^6, the upper bound on the gain coefficient is never larger than 3/2+log(d/2)3/2+\log(d/2).

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