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Celestial Machine Learning: Discovering the Planarity, Heliocentricity, and Orbital Equation of Mars with AI Feynman

19 December 2023
Zi-Yu Khoo
Gokul Rajiv
Abel Yang
Jonathan Sze Choong Low
Stéphane Bressan
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Abstract

Can a machine or algorithm discover or learn the elliptical orbit of Mars from astronomical sightings alone? Johannes Kepler required two paradigm shifts to discover his First Law regarding the elliptical orbit of Mars. Firstly, a shift from the geocentric to the heliocentric frame of reference. Secondly, the reduction of the orbit of Mars from a three- to a two-dimensional space. We extend AI Feynman, a physics-inspired tool for symbolic regression, to discover the heliocentricity and planarity of Mars' orbit and emulate his discovery of Kepler's first law.

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