Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) algorithms represent a suite of robust computational methodologies utilized for state estimation and parameter inference within dynamical systems, particularly in real-time or online environments where data arrives sequentially over time. In this research endeavor, we propose an integrated framework that combines a stochastic epidemic simulator with a sequential importance sampling (SIS) scheme to dynamically infer model parameters, which evolve due to social as well as biological processes throughout the progression of an epidemic outbreak and are also influenced by evolving data measurement bias. Through iterative updates of a set of weighted simulated trajectories based on observed data, this framework enables the estimation of posterior distributions for these parameters, thereby capturing their temporal variability and associated uncertainties. Through simulation studies, we showcase the efficacy of SMC in accurately tracking the evolving dynamics of epidemics while appropriately accounting for uncertainties. Moreover, we delve into practical considerations and challenges inherent in implementing SMC for parameter estimation within dynamic epidemiological settings, areas where the substantial computational capabilities of high-performance computing resources can be usefully brought to bear.
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