Nonparametric Control Koopman Operators

This paper presents a novel Koopman (composition) operator representation framework for control systems in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHSs) that is free of explicit dictionary or input parametrizations. By establishing fundamental equivalences between different model representations, we are able to close the gap of control system operator learning and infinite-dimensional regression, enabling various empirical estimators and the connection to well-understood learning theory in RKHSs under one unified framework. As a consequence, our proposed framework allows for arbitrary accurate finite-rank approximations in infinite-dimensional spaces and leads to finite-dimensional predictors without apriori restrictions to a finite span of functions or inputs. To enable applications to high-dimensional control systems, we improve the scalability of our proposed control Koopman operator estimates by utilizing sketching techniques. Numerical experiments demonstrate superior prediction accuracy compared to bilinear EDMD, especially in high dimensions. Finally, we show that our learned models are readily interfaced with linear-parameter-varying techniques for model predictive control.

@article{bevanda2025_2405.07312,
  title={ Nonparametric Control Koopman Operators },
  author={ Petar Bevanda and Bas Driessen and Lucian Cristian Iacob and Stefan Sosnowski and Roland Tóth and Sandra Hirche },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2405.07312},
  year={ 2025 }
}