When resampling/reweighting improves feature learning in imbalanced classification?: A toy-model study

A toy model of binary classification is studied with the aim of clarifying the class-wise resampling/reweighting effect on the feature learning performance under the presence of class imbalance. In the analysis, a high-dimensional limit of the input space is taken while keeping the ratio of the dataset size against the input dimension finite and the non-rigorous replica method from statistical mechanics is employed. The result shows that there exists a case in which the no resampling/reweighting situation gives the best feature learning performance irrespectively of the choice of losses or classifiers, supporting recent findings in Cao et al. (2019); Kang et al. (2019). It is also revealed that the key of the result is the symmetry of the loss and the problem setting. Inspired by this, we propose a further simplified model exhibiting the same property in the multiclass setting. These clarify when the class-wise resampling/reweighting becomes effective in imbalanced classification.

@article{obuchi2025_2409.05598,
  title={ When resampling/reweighting improves feature learning in imbalanced classification?: A toy-model study },
  author={ Tomoyuki Obuchi and Toshiyuki Tanaka },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2409.05598},
  year={ 2025 }
}