Latent diffusion models have become the popular choice for scaling up diffusion models for high resolution image synthesis. Compared to pixel-space models that are trained end-to-end, latent models are perceived to be more efficient and to produce higher image quality at high resolution. Here we challenge these notions, and show that pixel-space models can be very competitive to latent models both in quality and efficiency, achieving 1.5 FID on ImageNet512 and new SOTA results on ImageNet128, ImageNet256 and Kinetics600.We present a simple recipe for scaling end-to-end pixel-space diffusion models to high resolutions. 1: Use the sigmoid loss-weighting (Kingma & Gao, 2023) with our prescribed hyper-parameters. 2: Use our simplified memory-efficient architecture with fewer skip-connections. 3: Scale the model to favor processing the image at a high resolution with fewer parameters, rather than using more parameters at a lower resolution. Combining these with guidance intervals, we obtain a family of pixel-space diffusion models we call Simpler Diffusion (SiD2).
View on arXiv@article{hoogeboom2025_2410.19324,
title={ Simpler Diffusion (SiD2): 1.5 FID on ImageNet512 with pixel-space diffusion },
author={ Emiel Hoogeboom and Thomas Mensink and Jonathan Heek and Kay Lamerigts and Ruiqi Gao and Tim Salimans },
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2410.19324},
year={ 2025 }
}