Sequential Payment Rules: Approximately Fair Budget Divisions via Simple Spending Dynamics

In approval-based budget division, a budget needs to be distributed to some candidates based on the voters' approval ballots over these candidates. In the pursuit of simple, well-behaved, and approximately fair rules for this setting, we introduce the class of sequential payment rules, where each voter controls a part of the budget and repeatedly spends his share on his approved candidates to determine the final distribution. We show that all sequential payment rules satisfy a demanding population consistency notion and we identify two particularly appealing rules within this class called the maximum payment rule (MP) and the $\frac{1}{3}$-multiplicative sequential payment rule ($\frac{1}{3}$-MP). More specifically, we prove that (i) MP is, apart from one other rule, the only monotonic sequential payment rule and gives a $2$-approximation to a fairness notion called average fair share, and (ii) $\frac{1}{3}$-MP gives a $\frac{3}{2}$-approximation to average fair share, which is optimal among sequential payment rules.

@article{aziz2025_2412.02435,
  title={ Approximately Fair and Population Consistent Budget Division via Simple Payment Schemes },
  author={ Haris Aziz and Patrick Lederer and Xinhang Lu and Mashbat Suzuki and Jeremy Vollen },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2412.02435},
  year={ 2025 }
}