MultiOCR-QA: Dataset for Evaluating Robustness of LLMs in Question Answering on Multilingual OCR Texts

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) plays a crucial role in digitizing historical and multilingual documents, yet OCR errors -- imperfect extraction of the text, including character insertion, deletion and permutation -- can significantly impact downstream tasks like question-answering (QA). In this work, we introduce a multilingual QA dataset MultiOCR-QA, designed to analyze the effects of OCR noise on QA systems' performance. The MultiOCR-QA dataset comprises 60K question-answer pairs covering three languages, English, French, and German. The dataset is curated from OCR-ed old documents, allowing for the evaluation of OCR-induced challenges on question answering. We evaluate MultiOCR-QA on various levels and types of OCR errors to access the robustness of LLMs in handling real-world digitization errors. Our findings show that QA systems are highly prone to OCR induced errors and exhibit performance degradation on noisy OCR text.

@article{piryani2025_2502.16781,
  title={ MultiOCR-QA: Dataset for Evaluating Robustness of LLMs in Question Answering on Multilingual OCR Texts },
  author={ Bhawna Piryani and Jamshid Mozafari and Abdelrahman Abdallah and Antoine Doucet and Adam Jatowt },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2502.16781},
  year={ 2025 }
}