Out-of-Distribution Segmentation in Autonomous Driving: Problems and State of the Art

In this paper, we review the state of the art in Out-of-Distribution (OoD) segmentation, with a focus on road obstacle detection in automated driving as a real-world application. We analyse the performance of existing methods on two widely used benchmarks, SegmentMeIfYouCan Obstacle Track and LostAndFound-NoKnown, highlighting their strengths, limitations, and real-world applicability. Additionally, we discuss key challenges and outline potential research directions to advance the field. Our goal is to provide researchers and practitioners with a comprehensive perspective on the current landscape of OoD segmentation and to foster further advancements toward safer and more reliable autonomous driving systems.

@article{shoeb2025_2503.08695,
  title={ Out-of-Distribution Segmentation in Autonomous Driving: Problems and State of the Art },
  author={ Youssef Shoeb and Azarm Nowzad and Hanno Gottschalk },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.08695},
  year={ 2025 }
}