Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in reasoning, yet come with substantial computational cost, limiting their deployment in resource-constrained settings. Despite recent efforts on improving the efficiency of MLLMs, prior solutions fall short in responding to varying runtime conditions, in particular changing resource availability (e.g., contention due to the execution of other programs on the device). To bridge this gap, we introduce AdaLLaVA, an adaptive inference framework that learns to dynamically reconfigure operations in an MLLM during inference, accounting for the input data and a latency budget. We conduct extensive experiments across benchmarks involving question-answering, reasoning, and hallucination. Our results show that AdaLLaVA effectively adheres to input latency budget, achieving varying accuracy and latency tradeoffs at runtime. Further, we demonstrate that AdaLLaVA adapts to both input latency and content, can be integrated with token selection for enhanced efficiency, and generalizes across MLLMs. Our project webpage with code release is atthis https URL.
View on arXiv@article{xu2025_2503.10905,
title={ Learning to Inference Adaptively for Multimodal Large Language Models },
author={ Zhuoyan Xu and Khoi Duc Nguyen and Preeti Mukherjee and Saurabh Bagchi and Somali Chaterji and Yingyu Liang and Yin Li },
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.10905},
year={ 2025 }
}