Agentic workflows invoked by Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in handling complex tasks. However, optimizing such workflows is costly and inefficient in real-world applications due to extensive invocations of LLMs. To fill this gap, this position paper formulates agentic workflows as computational graphs and advocates Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) as efficient predictors of agentic workflow performances, avoiding repeated LLM invocations for evaluation. To empirically ground this position, we construct FLORA-Bench, a unified platform for benchmarking GNNs for predicting agentic workflow performances. With extensive experiments, we arrive at the following conclusion: GNNs are simple yet effective predictors. This conclusion supports new applications of GNNs and a novel direction towards automating agentic workflow optimization. All codes, models, and data are available atthis https URL.
View on arXiv@article{zhang2025_2503.11301,
title={ GNNs as Predictors of Agentic Workflow Performances },
author={ Yuanshuo Zhang and Yuchen Hou and Bohan Tang and Shuo Chen and Muhan Zhang and Xiaowen Dong and Siheng Chen },
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.11301},
year={ 2025 }
}