ROCK: A variational formulation for occupation kernel methods in Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces

We present a Representer Theorem result for a large class of weak formulation problems. We provide examples of applications of our formulation both in traditional machine learning and numerical methods as well as in new and emerging techniques. Finally we apply our formulation to generalize the multivariate occupation kernel (MOCK) method for learning dynamical systems from data proposing the more general Riesz Occupation Kernel (ROCK) method. Our generalized methods are both more computationally efficient and performant on most of the benchmarks we test against.

@article{rielly2025_2503.13791,
  title={ ROCK: A variational formulation for occupation kernel methods in Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces },
  author={ Victor Rielly and Kamel Lahouel and Chau Nguyen and Anthony Kolshorn and Nicholas Fisher and Bruno Jedynak },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.13791},
  year={ 2025 }
}