MAST-Pro: Dynamic Mixture-of-Experts for Adaptive Segmentation of Pan-Tumors with Knowledge-Driven Prompts

Accurate tumor segmentation is crucial for cancer diagnosis and treatment. While foundation models have advanced general-purpose segmentation, existing methods still struggle with: (1) limited incorporation of medical priors, (2) imbalance between generic and tumor-specific features, and (3) high computational costs for clinical adaptation. To address these challenges, we propose MAST-Pro (Mixture-of-experts for Adaptive Segmentation of pan-Tumors with knowledge-driven Prompts), a novel framework that integrates dynamic Mixture-of-Experts (D-MoE) and knowledge-driven prompts for pan-tumor segmentation. Specifically, text and anatomical prompts provide domain-specific priors, guiding tumor representation learning, while D-MoE dynamically selects experts to balance generic and tumor-specific feature learning, improving segmentation accuracy across diverse tumor types. To enhance efficiency, we employ Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT), optimizing MAST-Pro with significantly reduced computational overhead. Experiments on multi-anatomical tumor datasets demonstrate that MAST-Pro outperforms state-of-the-art approaches, achieving up to a 5.20% improvement in average DSC while reducing trainable parameters by 91.04%, without compromising accuracy.

@article{meng2025_2503.14355,
  title={ MAST-Pro: Dynamic Mixture-of-Experts for Adaptive Segmentation of Pan-Tumors with Knowledge-Driven Prompts },
  author={ Runqi Meng and Sifan Song and Pengfei Jin and Yujin Oh and Lin Teng and Yulin Wang and Yiqun Sun and Ling Chen and Xiang Li and Quanzheng Li and Ning Guo and Dinggang Shen },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.14355},
  year={ 2025 }
}