TF-TI2I: Training-Free Text-and-Image-to-Image Generation via Multi-Modal Implicit-Context Learning in Text-to-Image Models

Text-and-Image-To-Image (TI2I), an extension of Text-To-Image (T2I), integrates image inputs with textual instructions to enhance image generation. Existing methods often partially utilize image inputs, focusing on specific elements like objects or styles, or they experience a decline in generation quality with complex, multi-image instructions. To overcome these challenges, we introduce Training-Free Text-and-Image-to-Image (TF-TI2I), which adapts cutting-edge T2I models such as SD3 without the need for additional training. Our method capitalizes on the MM-DiT architecture, in which we point out that textual tokens can implicitly learn visual information from vision tokens. We enhance this interaction by extracting a condensed visual representation from reference images, facilitating selective information sharing through Reference Contextual Masking -- this technique confines the usage of contextual tokens to instruction-relevant visual information. Additionally, our Winner-Takes-All module mitigates distribution shifts by prioritizing the most pertinent references for each vision token. Addressing the gap in TI2I evaluation, we also introduce the FG-TI2I Bench, a comprehensive benchmark tailored for TI2I and compatible with existing T2I methods. Our approach shows robust performance across various benchmarks, confirming its effectiveness in handling complex image-generation tasks.

@article{hsiao2025_2503.15283,
  title={ TF-TI2I: Training-Free Text-and-Image-to-Image Generation via Multi-Modal Implicit-Context Learning in Text-to-Image Models },
  author={ Teng-Fang Hsiao and Bo-Kai Ruan and Yi-Lun Wu and Tzu-Ling Lin and Hong-Han Shuai },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.15283},
  year={ 2025 }
}