CTRL-O: Language-Controllable Object-Centric Visual Representation Learning

Object-centric representation learning aims to decompose visual scenes into fixed-size vectors called "slots" or "object files", where each slot captures a distinct object. Current state-of-the-art object-centric models have shown remarkable success in object discovery in diverse domains, including complex real-world scenes. However, these models suffer from a key limitation: they lack controllability. Specifically, current object-centric models learn representations based on their preconceived understanding of objects, without allowing user input to guide which objects are represented. Introducing controllability into object-centric models could unlock a range of useful capabilities, such as the ability to extract instance-specific representations from a scene. In this work, we propose a novel approach for user-directed control over slot representations by conditioning slots on language descriptions. The proposed ConTRoLlable Object-centric representation learning approach, which we term CTRL-O, achieves targeted object-language binding in complex real-world scenes without requiring mask supervision. Next, we apply these controllable slot representations on two downstream vision language tasks: text-to-image generation and visual question answering. The proposed approach enables instance-specific text-to-image generation and also achieves strong performance on visual question answering.

@article{didolkar2025_2503.21747,
  title={ CTRL-O: Language-Controllable Object-Centric Visual Representation Learning },
  author={ Aniket Didolkar and Andrii Zadaianchuk and Rabiul Awal and Maximilian Seitzer and Efstratios Gavves and Aishwarya Agrawal },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2503.21747},
  year={ 2025 }
}