An Iterative Algorithm to Symbolically Derive Generalized n-Trailer Vehicle Kinematics

Articulated multi-axle vehicles are interesting from a control-theoretic perspective due to their peculiar kinematic offtracking characteristics, instability modes, and singularities. Holonomic and nonholonomic constraints affecting the kinematic behavior is investigated in order to develop control-oriented kinematic models representative of these peculiarities. Then, the structure of these constraints is exploited to develop an iterative algorithm to symbolically derive yaw-plane kinematic models of generalized $n$-trailer articulated vehicles with an arbitrary number of multi-axle vehicle units. A formal proof is provided for the maximum number of kinematic controls admissible to a large-scale generalized articulated vehicle system, which leads to a generalized Ackermann steering law for $n$-trailer systems. Moreover, kinematic data collected from a test vehicle is used to validate the kinematic models and, to understand the rearward yaw rate amplification behavior of the vehicle pulling multiple simulated trailers.

@article{singh2025_2504.00315,
  title={ An Iterative Algorithm to Symbolically Derive Generalized n-Trailer Vehicle Kinematics },
  author={ Yuvraj Singh and Adithya Jayakumar and Giorgio Rizzoni },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.00315},
  year={ 2025 }
}