Efficient Construction of Model Family through Progressive Training Using Model Expansion

As Large Language Models (LLMs) gain widespread practical application, providing the model family of different parameter sizes has become standard practice to address diverse computational requirements. Conventionally, each model in a family is trained independently, resulting in computational costs that scale additively with the number of models. We propose an efficient method for constructing the model family through progressive training, where smaller models are incrementally expanded to larger sizes to create a complete model family. Through extensive experiments with a model family ranging from 1B to 8B parameters, we demonstrate that our method reduces computational costs by approximately 25% while maintaining comparable performance to independently trained models. Furthermore, by strategically adjusting maximum learning rates based on model size, our method outperforms the independent training across various metrics. Beyond performance gains, our approach offers an additional advantage: models in our family tend to yield more consistent behavior across different model sizes.

@article{yano2025_2504.00623,
  title={ Efficient Construction of Model Family through Progressive Training Using Model Expansion },
  author={ Kazuki Yano and Sho Takase and Sosuke Kobayashi and Shun Kiyono and Jun Suzuki },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.00623},
  year={ 2025 }
}