FreSca: Unveiling the Scaling Space in Diffusion Models

Diffusion models offer impressive controllability for image tasks, primarily through noise predictions that encode task-specific information and classifier-free guidance enabling adjustable scaling. This scaling mechanism implicitly defines a ``scaling space'' whose potential for fine-grained semantic manipulation remains underexplored. We investigate this space, starting with inversion-based editing where the difference between conditional/unconditional noise predictions carries key semantic information. Our core contribution stems from a Fourier analysis of noise predictions, revealing that its low- and high-frequency components evolve differently throughout diffusion. Based on this insight, we introduce FreSca, a straightforward method that applies guidance scaling independently to different frequency bands in the Fourier domain. FreSca demonstrably enhances existing image editing methods without retraining. Excitingly, its effectiveness extends to image understanding tasks such as depth estimation, yielding quantitative gains across multiple datasets.

@article{huang2025_2504.02154,
  title={ FreSca: Unveiling the Scaling Space in Diffusion Models },
  author={ Chao Huang and Susan Liang and Yunlong Tang and Li Ma and Yapeng Tian and Chenliang Xu },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.02154},
  year={ 2025 }
}