SymDQN: Symbolic Knowledge and Reasoning in Neural Network-based Reinforcement Learning

We propose a learning architecture that allows symbolic control and guidance in reinforcement learning with deep neural networks. We introduce SymDQN, a novel modular approach that augments the existing Dueling Deep Q-Networks (DuelDQN) architecture with modules based on the neuro-symbolic framework of Logic Tensor Networks (LTNs). The modules guide action policy learning and allow reinforcement learning agents to display behaviour consistent with reasoning about the environment. Our experiment is an ablation study performed on the modules. It is conducted in a reinforcement learning environment of a 5x5 grid navigated by an agent that encounters various shapes, each associated with a given reward. The underlying DuelDQN attempts to learn the optimal behaviour of the agent in this environment, while the modules facilitate shape recognition and reward prediction. We show that our architecture significantly improves learning, both in terms of performance and the precision of the agent. The modularity of SymDQN allows reflecting on the intricacies and complexities of combining neural and symbolic approaches in reinforcement learning.

@article{amador2025_2504.02654,
  title={ SymDQN: Symbolic Knowledge and Reasoning in Neural Network-based Reinforcement Learning },
  author={ Ivo Amador and Nina Gierasimczuk },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.02654},
  year={ 2025 }
}