Improving Controller Generalization with Dimensionless Markov Decision Processes

Controllers trained with Reinforcement Learning tend to be very specialized and thus generalize poorly when their testing environment differs from their training one. We propose a Model-Based approach to increase generalization where both world model and policy are trained in a dimensionless state-action space. To do so, we introduce the Dimensionless Markov Decision Process ($\Pi$-MDP): an extension of Contextual-MDPs in which state and action spaces are non-dimensionalized with the Buckingham-$\Pi$ theorem. This procedure induces policies that are equivariant with respect to changes in the context of the underlying dynamics. We provide a generic framework for this approach and apply it to a model-based policy search algorithm using Gaussian Process models. We demonstrate the applicability of our method on simulated actuated pendulum and cartpole systems, where policies trained on a single environment are robust to shifts in the distribution of the context.

@article{charvet2025_2504.10006,
  title={ Improving Controller Generalization with Dimensionless Markov Decision Processes },
  author={ Valentin Charvet and Sebastian Stein and Roderick Murray-Smith },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.10006},
  year={ 2025 }
}