Large language models (LLMs) are a transformational capability at the frontier of artificial intelligence and machine learning that can support decision-makers in addressing pressing societal challenges such as extreme natural hazard events. As generalized models, LLMs often struggle to provide context-specific information, particularly in areas requiring specialized knowledge. In this work we propose a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)-based multi-agent LLM system to support analysis and decision-making in the context of natural hazards and extreme weather events. As a proof of concept, we present WildfireGPT, a specialized system focused on wildfire hazards. The architecture employs a user-centered, multi-agent design to deliver tailored risk insights across diverse stakeholder groups. By integrating natural hazard and extreme weather projection data, observational datasets, and scientific literature through an RAG framework, the system ensures both the accuracy and contextual relevance of the information it provides. Evaluation across ten expert-led case studies demonstrates that WildfireGPT significantly outperforms existing LLM-based solutions for decision support.
View on arXiv@article{xie2025_2504.17200,
title={ A RAG-Based Multi-Agent LLM System for Natural Hazard Resilience and Adaptation },
author={ Yangxinyu Xie and Bowen Jiang and Tanwi Mallick and Joshua David Bergerson and John K. Hutchison and Duane R. Verner and Jordan Branham and M. Ross Alexander and Robert B. Ross and Yan Feng and Leslie-Anne Levy and Weijie Su and Camillo J. Taylor },
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.17200},
year={ 2025 }
}