Toward a digital twin of U.S. Congress

In this paper we provide evidence that a virtual model of U.S. congresspersons based on a collection of language models satisfies the definition of a digital twin. In particular, we introduce and provide high-level descriptions of a daily-updated dataset that contains every Tweet from every U.S. congressperson during their respective terms. We demonstrate that a modern language model equipped with congressperson-specific subsets of this data are capable of producing Tweets that are largely indistinguishable from actual Tweets posted by their physical counterparts. We illustrate how generated Tweets can be used to predict roll-call vote behaviors and to quantify the likelihood of congresspersons crossing party lines, thereby assisting stakeholders in allocating resources and potentially impacting real-world legislative dynamics. We conclude with a discussion of the limitations and important extensions of our analysis.

@article{helm2025_2505.00006,
  title={ Toward a digital twin of U.S. Congress },
  author={ Hayden Helm and Tianyi Chen and Harvey McGuinness and Paige Lee and Brandon Duderstadt and Carey E. Priebe },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.00006},
  year={ 2025 }
}