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Shuffling Cards When You Are of Very Little Brain: Low Memory Generation of Permutations

Main:34 Pages
4 Figures
Bibliography:3 Pages
Appendix:2 Pages
Abstract

How can we generate a permutation of the numbers 11 through nn so that it is hard to guess the next element given the history so far? The twist is that the generator of the permutation (the ``Dealer") has limited memory, while the ``Guesser" has unlimited memory. With unbounded memory (actually nn bits suffice), the Dealer can generate a truly random permutation where~lnn\ln n is the expected number of correct guesses.

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