An Active Contour Model for Silhouette Vectorization using Bézier Curves

In this paper, we propose an active contour model for silhouette vectorization using cubic Bézier curves. Among the end points of the Bézier curves, we distinguish between corner and regular points where the orientation of the tangent vector is prescribed. By minimizing the distance of the Bézier curves to the silhouette boundary, the active contour model optimizes the location of the Bézier curves end points, the orientation of the tangent vectors in the regular points, and the estimation of the Bézier curve parameters. This active contour model can use the silhouette vectorization obtained by any method as an initial guess. The proposed method significantly reduces the average distance between the silhouette boundary and its vectorization obtained by the world-class graphic software Inkscape, Adobe Illustrator, and a curvature-based vectorization method, which we introduce for comparison. Our method also allows us to impose additional regularity on the Bézier curves by reducing their lengths.

@article{alvarez2025_2505.05132,
  title={ An Active Contour Model for Silhouette Vectorization using Bézier Curves },
  author={ Luis Alvarez and Jean-Michel Morel },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.05132},
  year={ 2025 }
}