Convergence of Time-Averaged Mean Field Gradient Descent Dynamics for Continuous Multi-Player Zero-Sum Games

The approximation of mixed Nash equilibria (MNE) for zero-sum games with mean-field interacting players has recently raised much interest in machine learning. In this paper we propose a mean-field gradient descent dynamics for finding the MNE of zero-sum games involving $K$ players with $K\geq 2$. The evolution of the players' strategy distributions follows coupled mean-field gradient descent flows with momentum, incorporating an exponentially discounted time-averaging of gradients. First, in the case of a fixed entropic regularization, we prove an exponential convergence rate for the mean-field dynamics to the mixed Nash equilibrium with respect to the total variation metric. This improves a previous polynomial convergence rate for a similar time-averaged dynamics with different averaging factors. Moreover, unlike previous two-scale approaches for finding the MNE, our approach treats all player types on the same time scale. We also show that with a suitable choice of decreasing temperature, a simulated annealing version of the mean-field dynamics converges to an MNE of the initial unregularized problem.

@article{lu2025_2505.07642,
  title={ Convergence of Time-Averaged Mean Field Gradient Descent Dynamics for Continuous Multi-Player Zero-Sum Games },
  author={ Yulong Lu and Pierre Monmarché },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.07642},
  year={ 2025 }
}