ARC-NCA: Towards Developmental Solutions to the Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus

The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC), later renamed ARC-AGI, poses a fundamental challenge in artificial general intelligence (AGI), requiring solutions that exhibit robust abstraction and reasoning capabilities across diverse tasks, while only few (with median count of three) correct examples are presented. While ARC-AGI remains very challenging for artificial intelligence systems, it is rather easy for humans. This paper introduces ARC-NCA, a developmental approach leveraging standard Neural Cellular Automata (NCA) and NCA enhanced with hidden memories (EngramNCA) to tackle the ARC-AGI benchmark. NCAs are employed for their inherent ability to simulate complex dynamics and emergent patterns, mimicking developmental processes observed in biological systems. Developmental solutions may offer a promising avenue for enhancing AI's problem-solving capabilities beyond mere training data extrapolation. ARC-NCA demonstrates how integrating developmental principles into computational models can foster adaptive reasoning and abstraction. We show that our ARC-NCA proof-of-concept results may be comparable to, and sometimes surpass, that of ChatGPT 4.5, at a fraction of the cost.

@article{guichard2025_2505.08778,
  title={ ARC-NCA: Towards Developmental Solutions to the Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus },
  author={ Etienne Guichard and Felix Reimers and Mia Kvalsund and Mikkel Lepperød and Stefano Nichele },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.08778},
  year={ 2025 }
}