Beyond Prompt Engineering: Robust Behavior Control in LLMs via Steering Target Atoms

Precise control over language model generation is vital for ensuring both safety and reliability. Although prompt engineering and steering are commonly used to intervene in model behaviors, the vast number of parameters in models often results in highly intertwined internal representations. This interdependency can limit control precision and sometimes lead to unintended side effects. Recent research has explored the use of sparse autoencoders (SAE) to disentangle knowledge in high-dimensional spaces for steering. However, these applications have been limited to toy tasks owing to the nontrivial issue of locating atomic knowledge components. In this paper, we propose Steering Target Atoms (STA), a novel method that isolates and manipulates disentangled knowledge components to enhance safety. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. Further analysis reveals that steering exhibits superior robustness and flexibility, particularly in adversarial scenarios. We also apply the steering strategy to the large reasoning model, confirming its effectiveness in precise reasoning control.

@article{wang2025_2505.20322,
  title={ Beyond Prompt Engineering: Robust Behavior Control in LLMs via Steering Target Atoms },
  author={ Mengru Wang and Ziwen Xu and Shengyu Mao and Shumin Deng and Zhaopeng Tu and Huajun Chen and Ningyu Zhang },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2505.20322},
  year={ 2025 }
}