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ToxicTAGS: Decoding Toxic Memes with Rich Tag Annotations

6 August 2025
Subhankar Swain
Naquee Rizwan
Nayandeep Deb
Vishwajeet Singh Solanki
Vishwa Gangadhar S
Animesh Mukherjee
ArXiv (abs)PDFHTML
Main:7 Pages
6 Figures
Bibliography:2 Pages
11 Tables
Appendix:6 Pages
Abstract

The 2025 Global Risks Report identifies state-based armed conflict and societal polarisation among the most pressing global threats, with social media playing a central role in amplifying toxic discourse. Memes, as a widely used mode of online communication, often serve as vehicles for spreading harmful content. However, limitations in data accessibility and the high cost of dataset curation hinder the development of robust meme moderation systems. To address this challenge, in this work, we introduce a first-of-its-kind dataset of 6,300 real-world meme-based posts annotated in two stages: (i) binary classification into toxic and normal, and (ii) fine-grained labelling of toxic memes as hateful, dangerous, or offensive. A key feature of this dataset is that it is enriched with auxiliary metadata of socially relevant tags, enhancing the context of each meme. In addition, we propose a tag generation module that produces socially grounded tags, because most in-the-wild memes often do not come with tags. Experimental results show that incorporating these tags substantially enhances the performance of state-of-the-art VLMs detection tasks. Our contributions offer a novel and scalable foundation for improved content moderation in multimodal online environments.

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