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PalmTree: Learning an Assembly Language Model for Instruction Embedding
v1v2v3 (latest)

PalmTree: Learning an Assembly Language Model for Instruction Embedding

Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS), 2021
21 January 2021
Xuezixiang Li
Qu Yu
Heng Yin
ArXiv (abs)PDFHTML

Papers citing "PalmTree: Learning an Assembly Language Model for Instruction Embedding"

50 / 62 papers shown
LFreeDA: Label-Free Drift Adaptation for Windows Malware Detection
LFreeDA: Label-Free Drift Adaptation for Windows Malware Detection
Adrian Shuai Li
Elisa Bertino
148
1
0
18 Nov 2025
How Different Tokenization Algorithms Impact LLMs and Transformer Models for Binary Code Analysis
How Different Tokenization Algorithms Impact LLMs and Transformer Models for Binary Code Analysis
Ahmed Mostafa
Raisul Arefin Nahid
Samuel Mulder
155
3
0
05 Nov 2025
A Large Scale Study of AI-based Binary Function Similarity Detection Techniques for Security Researchers and Practitioners
A Large Scale Study of AI-based Binary Function Similarity Detection Techniques for Security Researchers and Practitioners
Jingyi Shi
Y. Chen
Yang Xiao
Yuekang Li
Z. Xu
...
Yeting Li
X. Chen
Y. Zou
Yang Liu
Wei Huo
120
0
0
03 Nov 2025
REx86: A Local Large Language Model for Assisting in x86 Assembly Reverse Engineering
REx86: A Local Large Language Model for Assisting in x86 Assembly Reverse Engineering
Darrin Lea
James M Ghawaly
Golden Richard III
Aisha Ali-Gombe
Andrew Case
153
0
0
23 Oct 2025
SBAN: A Framework & Multi-Dimensional Dataset for Large Language Model Pre-Training and Software Code Mining
SBAN: A Framework & Multi-Dimensional Dataset for Large Language Model Pre-Training and Software Code Mining
Hamed Jelodar
Mohammad Meymani
Samita Bai
Roozbeh Razavi-Far
Ali Ghorbani
279
3
0
21 Oct 2025
Beyond Embeddings: Interpretable Feature Extraction for Binary Code Similarity
Beyond Embeddings: Interpretable Feature Extraction for Binary Code Similarity
Charles E. Gagnon
Steven H. H. Ding
P. Charland
Benjamin C. M. Fung
127
0
0
27 Sep 2025
Adversarially Robust Assembly Language Model for Packed Executables Detection
Adversarially Robust Assembly Language Model for Packed Executables Detection
Shijia Li
Jiang Ming
Lanqing Liu
Longwei Yang
Ni Zhang
Chunfu Jia
191
0
0
19 Sep 2025
FlowMalTrans: Unsupervised Binary Code Translation for Malware Detection Using Flow-Adapter Architecture
FlowMalTrans: Unsupervised Binary Code Translation for Malware Detection Using Flow-Adapter Architecture
Minghao Hu
Junzhe Wang
Weisen Zhao
Qiang Zeng
Lannan Luo
208
13
0
27 Aug 2025
Resolving Indirect Calls in Binary Code via Cross-Reference Augmented Graph Neural Networks
Resolving Indirect Calls in Binary Code via Cross-Reference Augmented Graph Neural Networks
Haotian Zhang
Kun Liu
Cristian Garces
Chenke Luo
Yu Lei
Jiang Ming
283
0
0
24 Jul 2025
Analyzing PDFs like Binaries: Adversarially Robust PDF Malware Analysis via Intermediate Representation and Language Model
Analyzing PDFs like Binaries: Adversarially Robust PDF Malware Analysis via Intermediate Representation and Language ModelConference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS), 2025
Side Liu
Jiang Ming
Guodong Zhou
Xinyi Liu
Jianming Fu
Guojun Peng
AAML
305
2
0
20 Jun 2025
Tady: A Neural Disassembler without Structural Constraint Violations
Tady: A Neural Disassembler without Structural Constraint Violations
Siliang Qin
Fengrui Yang
Hao Wang
Bolun Zhang
Zeyu Gao
Chao Zhang
Kai Chen
138
0
0
16 Jun 2025
KEENHash: Hashing Programs into Function-Aware Embeddings for Large-Scale Binary Code Similarity Analysis
KEENHash: Hashing Programs into Function-Aware Embeddings for Large-Scale Binary Code Similarity Analysis
Zhijie Liu
Qiyi Tang
Sen Nie
Sen Nie
Liang Feng Zhang
Yutian Tang
226
3
0
13 Jun 2025
ORCAS: Obfuscation-Resilient Binary Code Similarity Analysis using Dominance Enhanced Semantic Graph
ORCAS: Obfuscation-Resilient Binary Code Similarity Analysis using Dominance Enhanced Semantic Graph
Yufeng Wang
Yuhong Feng
Yixuan Cao
Haoran Li
Haiyue Feng
Yifeng Wang
356
0
0
06 Jun 2025
An Empirical Study on the Effectiveness of Large Language Models for Binary Code Understanding
An Empirical Study on the Effectiveness of Large Language Models for Binary Code Understanding
Xiuwei Shang
Zhenkan Fu
Shaoyin Cheng
Guoqiang Chen
Gangyang Li
Li Hu
Weinan Zhang
N. Yu
288
3
0
30 Apr 2025
Zero Day Malware Detection with Alpha: Fast DBI with Transformer Models for Real World Application
Zero Day Malware Detection with Alpha: Fast DBI with Transformer Models for Real World ApplicationComputers & electrical engineering (Comput. Electr. Eng.), 2025
Matthew G. Gaber
Mohiuddin Ahmed
Helge Janicke
205
1
0
21 Apr 2025
Identifying Obfuscated Code through Graph-Based Semantic Analysis of Binary Code
Identifying Obfuscated Code through Graph-Based Semantic Analysis of Binary CodeApplied Network Science (Appl Netw Sci), 2025
Roxane Cohen
Robin David
Florian Yger
Fabrice Rossi
AAML
232
1
0
02 Apr 2025
Beyond the Edge of Function: Unraveling the Patterns of Type Recovery in Binary Code
Beyond the Edge of Function: Unraveling the Patterns of Type Recovery in Binary Code
Gangyang Li
Xiuwei Shang
Shaoyin Cheng
Jing Zhang
Li Hu
Xu Zhu
Weinan Zhang
Nenghai Yu
243
5
0
10 Mar 2025
UniASM: Binary Code Similarity Detection without Fine-tuning
UniASM: Binary Code Similarity Detection without Fine-tuning
Yeming Gu
Hui Shu
Fei Kang
Fan Hu
584
22
0
21 Feb 2025
On the Role of Pre-trained Embeddings in Binary Code Analysis
On the Role of Pre-trained Embeddings in Binary Code AnalysisACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security (AsiaCCS), 2024
Alwin Maier
Felix Weissberg
Konrad Rieck
295
1
0
12 Feb 2025
A Progressive Transformer for Unifying Binary Code Embedding and
  Knowledge Transfer
A Progressive Transformer for Unifying Binary Code Embedding and Knowledge TransferIEEE International Conference on Software Analysis, Evolution, and Reengineering (SANER), 2024
Hanxiao Lu
Hongyu Cai
Yiming Liang
Antonio Bianchi
Z. Berkay Celik
337
2
0
15 Dec 2024
BinEnhance: An Enhancement Framework Based on External Environment
  Semantics for Binary Code Search
BinEnhance: An Enhancement Framework Based on External Environment Semantics for Binary Code SearchNetwork and Distributed System Security Symposium (NDSS), 2024
Yongpan Wang
Hong Li
Xiaojie Zhu
Siyuan Li
Chaopeng Dong
Shouguo Yang
Kangyuan Qin
418
4
0
02 Nov 2024
BinSimDB: Benchmark Dataset Construction for Fine-Grained Binary Code
  Similarity Analysis
BinSimDB: Benchmark Dataset Construction for Fine-Grained Binary Code Similarity Analysis
Fei Zuo
Cody Tompkins
Qiang Zeng
Lannan Luo
Yung Ryn Choe
Junghwan Rhee
190
1
0
14 Oct 2024
Comparing Unidirectional, Bidirectional, and Word2vec Models for Discovering Vulnerabilities in Compiled Lifted Code
Comparing Unidirectional, Bidirectional, and Word2vec Models for Discovering Vulnerabilities in Compiled Lifted CodeInternational Symposium on Digital Forensics and Security (ISDFS), 2024
Gary A. McCully
John D. Hastings
Shengjie Xu
Adam Fortier
309
3
0
26 Sep 2024
ViC: Virtual Compiler Is All You Need For Assembly Code Search
ViC: Virtual Compiler Is All You Need For Assembly Code SearchAnnual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL), 2024
Zeyu Gao
Hao Wang
Yuanda Wang
Chao Zhang
212
12
0
10 Aug 2024
SOS! Soft Prompt Attack Against Open-Source Large Language Models
SOS! Soft Prompt Attack Against Open-Source Large Language Models
Ziqing Yang
Michael Backes
Yang Zhang
Ahmed Salem
AAML
265
10
0
03 Jul 2024
MALSIGHT: Exploring Malicious Source Code and Benign Pseudocode for Iterative Binary Malware Summarization
MALSIGHT: Exploring Malicious Source Code and Benign Pseudocode for Iterative Binary Malware Summarization
Haolang Lu
Hongrui Peng
Guoshun Nan
Jiaoyang Cui
Cheng Wang
Weifei Jin
Songtao Wang
Shengli Pan
Xiaofeng Tao
450
12
0
26 Jun 2024
Know Your Neighborhood: General and Zero-Shot Capable Binary Function
  Search Powered by Call Graphlets
Know Your Neighborhood: General and Zero-Shot Capable Binary Function Search Powered by Call Graphlets
Josh Collyer
Tim Watson
Iain Phillips
GNN
195
2
0
02 Jun 2024
Bi-Directional Transformers vs. word2vec: Discovering Vulnerabilities in
  Lifted Compiled Code
Bi-Directional Transformers vs. word2vec: Discovering Vulnerabilities in Lifted Compiled Code
Gary A. McCully
John D. Hastings
Shengjie Xu
Adam Fortier
344
7
0
31 May 2024
Assemblage: Automatic Binary Dataset Construction for Machine Learning
Assemblage: Automatic Binary Dataset Construction for Machine Learning
Chang Liu
Rebecca Saul
Yihao Sun
Edward Raff
Maya Fuchs
Townsend Southard Pantano
James Holt
Kristopher K. Micinski
261
16
0
07 May 2024
Unsupervised Binary Code Translation with Application to Code Similarity
  Detection and Vulnerability Discovery
Unsupervised Binary Code Translation with Application to Code Similarity Detection and Vulnerability Discovery
Iftakhar Ahmad
Lannan Luo
288
1
0
29 Apr 2024
Multi-modal Learning for WebAssembly Reverse Engineering
Multi-modal Learning for WebAssembly Reverse EngineeringInternational Symposium on Software Testing and Analysis (ISSTA), 2024
Hanxian Huang
Jishen Zhao
281
5
0
04 Apr 2024
FoC: Figure out the Cryptographic Functions in Stripped Binaries with LLMs
FoC: Figure out the Cryptographic Functions in Stripped Binaries with LLMs
Guoqiang Chen
Xiuwei Shang
Shaoyin Cheng
Yanming Zhang
Weiming Zhang
Neng H. Yu
N. Yu
427
10
0
27 Mar 2024
A hybrid LLM workflow can help identify user privilege related variables
  in programs of any size
A hybrid LLM workflow can help identify user privilege related variables in programs of any size
Haizhou Wang
Zhilong Wang
Peng Liu
270
4
0
23 Mar 2024
CEBin: A Cost-Effective Framework for Large-Scale Binary Code Similarity
  Detection
CEBin: A Cost-Effective Framework for Large-Scale Binary Code Similarity Detection
Hao Wang
Zeyu Gao
Chao Zhang
Mingyang Sun
Yuchen Zhou
Han Qiu
Xiangwei Xiao
257
26
0
29 Feb 2024
CLAP: Learning Transferable Binary Code Representations with Natural
  Language Supervision
CLAP: Learning Transferable Binary Code Representations with Natural Language Supervision
Hao Wang
Zeyu Gao
Chao Zhang
Zihan Sha
Mingyang Sun
Yuchen Zhou
Wenyu Zhu
Wenju Sun
Han Qiu
Xiangwei Xiao
218
51
0
26 Feb 2024
Unraveling the Key of Machine Learning Solutions for Android Malware
  Detection
Unraveling the Key of Machine Learning Solutions for Android Malware Detection
Jiahao Liu
Jun Zeng
Fabio Pierazzi
Lorenzo Cavallaro
Zhenkai Liang
AAML
223
14
0
05 Feb 2024
LLM4Vuln: A Unified Evaluation Framework for Decoupling and Enhancing LLMs' Vulnerability Reasoning
LLM4Vuln: A Unified Evaluation Framework for Decoupling and Enhancing LLMs' Vulnerability Reasoning
Yuqiang Sun
Daoyuan Wu
Yue Xue
Han Liu
Wei Ma
Lyuye Zhang
Miaolei Shi
Yingjiu Li
ELM
1.2K
112
0
29 Jan 2024
Binary Code Summarization: Benchmarking ChatGPT/GPT-4 and Other Large
  Language Models
Binary Code Summarization: Benchmarking ChatGPT/GPT-4 and Other Large Language Models
Xin Jin
Jonathan Larson
Weiwei Yang
Zhiqiang Lin
ELM
221
39
0
15 Dec 2023
BinGo: Identifying Security Patches in Binary Code with Graph
  Representation Learning
BinGo: Identifying Security Patches in Binary Code with Graph Representation LearningACM Asia Conference on Computer and Communications Security (AsiaCCS), 2023
Xu He
Shu Wang
Pengbin Feng
Xinda Wang
Shiyu Sun
Qi Li
Kun Sun
213
4
0
13 Dec 2023
VEXIR2Vec: An Architecture-Neutral Embedding Framework for Binary
  Similarity
VEXIR2Vec: An Architecture-Neutral Embedding Framework for Binary SimilarityACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM), 2023
S. VenkataKeerthy
Soumya Banerjee
Sayan Dey
Yashas Andaluri
PS Raghul
S. Kalyanasundaram
Fernando Magno Quintao Pereira
Ramakrishna Upadrasta
309
10
0
01 Dec 2023
FASER: Binary Code Similarity Search through the use of Intermediate
  Representations
FASER: Binary Code Similarity Search through the use of Intermediate Representations
Josh Collyer
Tim Watson
Iain Phillips
407
8
0
05 Oct 2023
kTrans: Knowledge-Aware Transformer for Binary Code Embedding
kTrans: Knowledge-Aware Transformer for Binary Code Embedding
Wenyu Zhu
Hao Wang
Yuchen Zhou
Jiaming Wang
Zihan Sha
Zeyu Gao
Chao Zhang
291
18
0
24 Aug 2023
"Do Anything Now": Characterizing and Evaluating In-The-Wild Jailbreak
  Prompts on Large Language Models
"Do Anything Now": Characterizing and Evaluating In-The-Wild Jailbreak Prompts on Large Language ModelsConference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS), 2023
Xinyue Shen
Sihao Lin
Michael Backes
Yun Shen
Yang Zhang
SILM
602
558
0
07 Aug 2023
Exploiting Code Symmetries for Learning Program Semantics
Exploiting Code Symmetries for Learning Program SemanticsInternational Conference on Machine Learning (ICML), 2023
Kexin Pei
Weichen Li
Qirui Jin
Shuyang Liu
Scott Geng
Lorenzo Cavallaro
Junfeng Yang
Suman Jana
599
14
0
07 Aug 2023
SemDiff: Binary Similarity Detection by Diffing Key-Semantics Graphs
SemDiff: Binary Similarity Detection by Diffing Key-Semantics Graphs
Zian Liu
Zongzhang Zhang
Siqi Ma
Dongxi Liu
Jinchao Zhang
Chao Chen
Shi-xiang Liu
Muhammad Ejaz Ahmed
Yang Xiang
326
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02 Aug 2023
VulMatch: Binary-level Vulnerability Detection Through Signature
VulMatch: Binary-level Vulnerability Detection Through SignatureInternational Conference on Network and System Security (ICNSS), 2023
Zian Liu
Lei Pan
Chao Chen
Ejaz Ahmed
Shi-xiang Liu
Jinchao Zhang
Dongxi Liu
254
4
0
01 Aug 2023
Pluvio: Assembly Clone Search for Out-of-domain Architectures and
  Libraries through Transfer Learning and Conditional Variational Information
  Bottleneck
Pluvio: Assembly Clone Search for Out-of-domain Architectures and Libraries through Transfer Learning and Conditional Variational Information Bottleneck
Zhiwei Fu
Steven H. H. Ding
Furkan Alaca
Benjamin C. M. Fung
P. Charland
201
3
0
20 Jul 2023
FastBCSD: Fast and Efficient Neural Network for Binary Code Similarity
  Detection
FastBCSD: Fast and Efficient Neural Network for Binary Code Similarity Detection
Che-Wei Huang
Guibo Zhu
Guojing Ge
Taiha Li
Jinqiao Wang
266
1
0
25 Jun 2023
GraphMoco:a Graph Momentum Contrast Model that Using Multimodel
  Structure Information for Large-scale Binary Function Representation Learning
GraphMoco:a Graph Momentum Contrast Model that Using Multimodel Structure Information for Large-scale Binary Function Representation LearningNeurocomputing (Neurocomputing), 2023
Runjin Sun
Shize Guo
Wei Li
XingYu Zhang
Xi Guo
Zhisong Pan
340
7
0
18 May 2023
LibAM: An Area Matching Framework for Detecting Third-party Libraries in
  Binaries
LibAM: An Area Matching Framework for Detecting Third-party Libraries in BinariesACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM), 2023
Siyuan Li
Yongpan Wang
Chaopeng Dong
Shouguo Yang
Hong Li
...
Zhe Lang
Zuxin Chen
Weijie Wang
Hongsong Zhu
Limin Sun
275
32
0
06 May 2023
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