ProtoGuard-guided PROPEL: Class-Aware Prototype Enhancement and Progressive Labeling for Incremental 3D Point Cloud Segmentation

3D point cloud semantic segmentation technology has been widely used. However, in real-world scenarios, the environment is evolving. Thus, offline-trained segmentation models may lead to catastrophic forgetting of previously seen classes. Class-incremental learning (CIL) is designed to address the problem of catastrophic forgetting. While point clouds are common, we observe high similarity and unclear boundaries between different classes. Meanwhile, they are known to be imbalanced in class distribution. These lead to issues including misclassification between similar classes and the long-tail problem, which have not been adequately addressed in previous CIL methods. We thus propose ProtoGuard and PROPEL (Progressive Refinement Of PsEudo-Labels). In the base-class training phase, ProtoGuard maintains geometric and semantic prototypes for each class, which are combined into prototype features using an attention mechanism. In the novel-class training phase, PROPEL inherits the base feature extractor and classifier, guiding pseudo-label propagation and updates based on density distribution and semantic similarity. Extensive experiments show that our approach achieves remarkable results on both the S3DIS and ScanNet datasets, improving the mIoU of 3D point cloud segmentation by a maximum of 20.39% under the 5-step CIL scenario on S3DIS.

@article{li2025_2504.01648,
  title={ ProtoGuard-guided PROPEL: Class-Aware Prototype Enhancement and Progressive Labeling for Incremental 3D Point Cloud Segmentation },
  author={ Haosheng Li and Yuecong Xu and Junjie Chen and Kemi Ding },
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.01648},
  year={ 2025 }
}