Classifiers often learn to be biased corresponding to the class-imbalanced dataset, especially under the semi-supervised learning (SSL) set. While previous work tries to appropriately re-balance the classifiers by subtracting a class-irrelevant image's logit, but lacks a firm theoretical basis. We theoretically analyze why exploiting a baseline image can refine pseudo-labels and prove that the black image is the best choice. We also indicated that as the training process deepens, the pseudo-labels before and after refinement become closer. Based on this observation, we propose a debiasing scheme dubbed LCGC, which Learning from Consistency Gradient Conflicting, by encouraging biased class predictions during training. We intentionally update the pseudo-labels whose gradient conflicts with the debiased logits, representing the optimization direction offered by the over-imbalanced classifier predictions. Then, we debiased the predictions by subtracting the baseline image logits during testing. Extensive experiments demonstrate that LCGC can significantly improve the prediction accuracy of existing CISSL models on public benchmarks.
View on arXiv@article{xing2025_2504.06544,
title={ LCGC: Learning from Consistency Gradient Conflicting for Class-Imbalanced Semi-Supervised Debiasing },
author={ Weiwei Xing and Yue Cheng and Hongzhu Yi and Xiaohui Gao and Xiang Wei and Xiaoyu Guo and Yuming Zhang and Xinyu Pang },
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2504.06544},
year={ 2025 }
}