Title
ST-PPO: Stabilized Off-Policy Proximal Policy Optimization for Multi-Turn Agents Training Chenliang Li Adel Elmahdy Alex Boyd Zhongruo Wang Alfredo García Parminder Bhatia Taha A. Kass-Hout Cao Xiao Mingyi Hong OffRL 143 0 0 25 Nov 2025
MIMIC-SR-ICD11: A Dataset for Narrative-Based Diagnosis Yuexin Wu Shiqi Wang Vasile Rus 109 0 0 07 Nov 2025
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Fleming-R1: Toward Expert-Level Medical Reasoning via Reinforcement Learning Chi Liu Derek Li Yan Shu Robin Chen Derek Duan Teng Fang Bryan Dai OffRL LM&MA LRM 130 2 0 18 Sep 2025
Emergent Hierarchical Reasoning in LLMs through Reinforcement Learning Haozhe Wang Qixin Xu Che Liu J. Wu Fangzhen Lin Wenhu Chen LRM 169 18 0 03 Sep 2025
Baichuan-M2: Scaling Medical Capability with Large Verifier System Baichuan-M2 Team Chengfeng Dou Chong Liu Chenzheng Zhu Fei Li ... Zheng Liang Zhishou Zhang Hengfu Cui Zuyi Zhu X. Wang LM&MA ELM LRM 144 13 0 02 Sep 2025
Medical Reasoning in the Era of LLMs: A Systematic Review of Enhancement Techniques and Applications Wenxuan Wang Zizhan Ma Meidan Ding S. Zheng Shengyuan Liu ... Jiaming Ji Wenting Chen Xiang Li LinLin Shen Yixuan Yuan LRM 162 4 0 01 Aug 2025
SRPO: Enhancing Multimodal LLM Reasoning via Reflection-Aware Reinforcement Learning Zhongwei Wan Zhihao Dou Che Liu Yu Zhang Dongfei Cui ... Yifan Jiang Yangfan He Mi Zhang Shen Yan Shen Yan LRM 306 28 0 02 Jun 2025
VL-Rethinker: Incentivizing Self-Reflection of Vision-Language Models with Reinforcement Learning Haozhe Wang Chao Qu Zuming Huang Wei Chu Fangzhen Lin Lei Ma OffRL ReLM SyDa LRM VLM 438 157 0 10 Apr 2025
GenPRM: Scaling Test-Time Compute of Process Reward Models via Generative Reasoning Jian Zhao Runze Liu Kaiyan Zhang Zhimu Zhou Junqi Gao ... Jiafei Lyu Zhouyi Qian Biqing Qi Xiu Li Bowen Zhou OffRL LRM 374 21 0 01 Apr 2025
MedAgentsBench: Benchmarking Thinking Models and Agent Frameworks for Complex Medical Reasoning Xiangru Tang Daniel Shao Jiwoong Sohn Jiapeng Chen Jiayi Zhang ... Yilun Zhao Chenglin Wu Wenqi Shi Arman Cohan Mark B. Gerstein AI4MH LRM ELM LM&MA 280 25 0 10 Mar 2025
MedVLM-R1: Incentivizing Medical Reasoning Capability of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) via Reinforcement LearningInternational Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (MICCAI), 2025 Jiazhen Pan Che Liu Junde Wu Fenglin Liu Jiayuan Zhu Hongwei Bran Li Chen Chen Cheng Ouyang Daniel Rueckert LRM LM&MA VLM 425 100 0 26 Feb 2025
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DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning DeepSeek-AI Daya Guo Dejian Yang Haowei Zhang Junxiao Song ... Shiyu Wang S. Yu Shunfeng Zhou Shuting Pan S.S. Li ReLM VLM OffRL AI4TS LRM 1.2K 5,274 0 22 Jan 2025
Malware Classification using a Hybrid Hidden Markov Model-Convolutional Neural Network Ritik Mehta Olha Jurecková Mark Stamp 289 152 0 25 Dec 2024
Scaling of Search and Learning: A Roadmap to Reproduce o1 from Reinforcement Learning Perspective Zhiyuan Zeng Qinyuan Cheng Zhangyue Yin Bo Wang Shimin Li Yunhua Zhou Qipeng Guo Qi Zhang Jiaqi Leng ELM AI4TS LRM 277 47 0 18 Dec 2024
Towards Next-Generation Medical Agent: How o1 is Reshaping Decision-Making in Medical Scenarios Shaochen Xu Yimiao Zhou Ziqiang Liu Zihao Wu T. Zhong ... Quanzheng Li Andrea Sikora Xiaoming Zhai Zhen Xiang Tianming Liu LM&MA 247 10 0 16 Nov 2024
GPT-4o System Card OpenAI OpenAI : Aaron Hurst Adam Lerer Adam P. Goucher ... Yuchen He Yuchen Zhang Yujia Jin Yunxing Dai Yury Malkov MLLM 566 2,655 0 25 Oct 2024
OpenR: An Open Source Framework for Advanced Reasoning with Large Language Models Jun Wang Meng Fang Bo Liu Muning Wen Jiachen Zhu ... Lei Chen Lionel M. Ni Linyi Yang Ying Wen Weinan Zhang LRM 202 59 0 12 Oct 2024
O1 Replication Journey: A Strategic Progress Report -- Part 1 Yiwei Qin Xuefeng Li Haoyang Zou Yixiu Liu Shijie Xia ... Yixin Ye Weizhe Yuan Hector Liu Rui Wang Pengfei Liu VLM 314 134 0 08 Oct 2024
HybridFlow: A Flexible and Efficient RLHF FrameworkEuropean Conference on Computer Systems (EuroSys), 2024 Guangming Sheng Chi Zhang Zilingfeng Ye Xibin Wu Wang Zhang Ru Zhang Size Zheng Haibin Lin Chuan Wu AI4CE 569 863 0 28 Sep 2024
A Preliminary Study of o1 in Medicine: Are We Closer to an AI Doctor? Yunfei Xie Juncheng Wu Haoqin Tu Siwei Yang Bingchen Zhao Yongshuo Zong Qiao Jin Cihang Xie Yuyin Zhou LM&MA ELM LRM 298 39 0 23 Sep 2024
CoD, Towards an Interpretable Medical Agent using Chain of Diagnosis Junying Chen Chi Gui Anningzhe Gao Ke Ji Xidong Wang Xiang Wan Benyou Wang MedIm AI4CE LM&MA 122 42 0 18 Jul 2024
UltraMedical: Building Specialized Generalists in Biomedicine Kaiyan Zhang Sihang Zeng Ermo Hua Ning Ding Zhang-Ren Chen ... Xuekai Zhu Xingtai Lv Hu Jinfang Zhiyuan Liu Bowen Zhou LM&MA 221 54 0 06 Jun 2024
MMLU-Pro: A More Robust and Challenging Multi-Task Language Understanding Benchmark Yubo Wang Xueguang Ma Ge Zhang Yuansheng Ni Abhranil Chandra ... Kai Wang Alex Zhuang Rongqi Fan Xiang Yue Wenhu Chen LRM ELM 565 1,011 0 03 Jun 2024
Capabilities of Gemini Models in Medicine Khaled Saab Tao Tu Wei-Hung Weng Ryutaro Tanno David Stutz ... Christopher Semturs S. S. Mahdavi Juraj Gottweis Alan Karthikesalingam Vivek Natarajan ELM AI4MH LM&MA 209 282 0 29 Apr 2024
Med42 -- Evaluating Fine-Tuning Strategies for Medical LLMs: Full-Parameter vs. Parameter-Efficient Approaches Clément Christophe Praveen K Kanithi Prateek Munjal Tathagata Raha Nasir Hayat ... Charles Chen Natalia Vassilieva Boulbaba Ben Amor Marco AF Pimentel Shadab Khan AI4MH LM&MA 168 64 0 23 Apr 2024
MEIT: Multimodal Electrocardiogram Instruction Tuning on Large Language Models for Report Generation Zhongwei Wan Che Liu Xin Wang Chaofan Tao Hui Shen Zhenwu Peng Jie Fu Rossella Arcucci Huaxiu Yao 366 16 0 07 Mar 2024
Towards Building Multilingual Language Model for Medicine Pengcheng Qiu Chaoyi Wu Xiaoman Zhang Weixiong Lin Haicheng Wang Ya Zhang Yanfeng Wang Weidi Xie LM&MA ELM 467 141 0 21 Feb 2024
BioMistral: A Collection of Open-Source Pretrained Large Language Models for Medical Domains Yanis Labrak Adrien Bazoge Emmanuel Morin P. Gourraud Mickael Rouvier Richard Dufour 431 354 0 15 Feb 2024
GPQA: A Graduate-Level Google-Proof Q&A Benchmark David Rein Betty Li Hou Asa Cooper Stickland Jackson Petty Richard Yuanzhe Pang Julien Dirani Julian Michael Samuel R. Bowman AI4MH ELM 433 1,572 0 20 Nov 2023
HuatuoGPT-II, One-stage Training for Medical Adaption of LLMs Junying Chen Xidong Wang Anningzhe Gao Feng Jiang Shunian Chen ... Chuyi Kong Jianquan Li Xiang Wan Haizhou Li Benyou Wang LM&MA 202 105 0 16 Nov 2023
Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward ModelNeural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2023 Rafael Rafailov Archit Sharma E. Mitchell Stefano Ermon Christopher D. Manning Chelsea Finn ALM 823 6,459 0 29 May 2023
HuatuoGPT, towards Taming Language Model to Be a DoctorConference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), 2023 Hongbo Zhang Junying Chen Feng Jiang Fei Yu Zhihong Chen ... Zhiyi Zhang Qingying Xiao Xiang Wan Benyou Wang Haizhou Li LM&MA AI4MH ELM 208 286 0 24 May 2023
Continual Pre-training of Language ModelsInternational Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), 2023 Zixuan Ke Yijia Shao Haowei Lin Tatsuya Konishi Gyuhak Kim Yinan Han CLL KELM 423 187 0 07 Feb 2023
Scaling Instruction-Finetuned Language ModelsJournal of machine learning research (JMLR), 2022 Hyung Won Chung Le Hou Shayne Longpre Barret Zoph Yi Tay ... Jacob Devlin Adam Roberts Denny Zhou Quoc V. Le Jason W. Wei ReLM LRM 948 3,763 0 20 Oct 2022
STaR: Bootstrapping Reasoning With Reasoning E. Zelikman Yuhuai Wu Jesse Mu Noah D. Goodman ReLM LRM 503 686 0 28 Mar 2022
MedMCQA : A Large-scale Multi-Subject Multi-Choice Dataset for Medical domain Question AnsweringACM Conference on Health, Inference, and Learning (ACM CHIL), 2022 Ankit Pal Logesh Kumar Umapathi Malaikannan Sankarasubbu ELM LM&MA 401 505 0 27 Mar 2022
Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackNeural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2022 Long Ouyang Jeff Wu Xu Jiang Diogo Almeida Carroll L. Wainwright ... Amanda Askell Peter Welinder Paul Christiano Jan Leike Ryan J. Lowe OSLM ALM 2.0K 17,090 0 04 Mar 2022
Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language ModelsNeural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), 2022 Jason W. Wei Xuezhi Wang Dale Schuurmans Maarten Bosma Brian Ichter F. Xia Ed H. Chi Quoc Le Denny Zhou LM&Ro LRM AI4CE ReLM 2.2K 14,159 0 28 Jan 2022
What Disease does this Patient Have? A Large-scale Open Domain Question Answering Dataset from Medical ExamsApplied Sciences (Appl. Sci.), 2020 Di Jin Eileen Pan Nassim Oufattole W. Weng Hanyi Fang Peter Szolovits FaML ELM LM&MA 404 1,205 0 28 Sep 2020
PubMedQA: A Dataset for Biomedical Research Question AnsweringConference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), 2019 Qiao Jin Bhuwan Dhingra Zhengping Liu William W. Cohen Xinghua Lu 719 1,253 0 13 Sep 2019
Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithms John Schulman Filip Wolski Prafulla Dhariwal Alec Radford Oleg Klimov OffRL 1.1K 23,699 0 20 Jul 2017